论高等公立学校惩戒行为的法律属性

高等公立学校为维护正常的教育教学秩序,可以对违反教育管理规定的学生予以惩戒.这种惩戒行为,就其法律属性而言,是一种行政行为,是一种外部行政行为和行政处罚行为.     

视觉营销眼动研究:回顾与展望

视觉营销的关键是吸引并保持消费者的视觉注意,而眼动技术能够有效地测量消费者的视觉注意情况,从而揭示视觉营销的效果。本文首先介绍了眼动与视觉注意的关系以及视觉注意的影响因素,然后对视觉营销眼动研究近年来所涉及的非平面广告设计、食品包装设计、网站/网页设计、产品/服务设计和超市货架管理这五个主要领域的新动态进行了回顾和梳理,重点说明了视觉营销眼动研究中的热点问题和研究发现,最后在总结现有研究的基础上探讨了该领域未来可能的研究方向。     

子公司主导行为研究进展述评

子公司主导行为是子公司从总部命令的被动执行者向具有创新精神并能付诸实践的自主行动者角色转变的结果。因其可对集团整体价值及运营效率产生影响,已成为当前企业集团研究的重要议题之一。本文为厘清与辨明子公司主导行为研究发展脉络,审视其研究动态及最新进展,从子公司主导行为概念及类别、子公司主导行为影响因素、子公司主导行为实施及子公司主导行为经济后果四个方面系统地梳理及评述了子公司主导行为研究成果。在此之上,提出对相关问题的思考,并总结归纳了研究趋势与方向,以期对子公司主导行为理论深化及实践发展有所助益。     

Disclosure Versus Recognition: Inferences from Subsequent Events

Standard setters explicitly state that disclosure should not substitute for recognition in financial reports. Consistent with this directive, prior research shows that investors find recognized values more pertinent than disclosed values. However, it remains unclear whether reporting items are recognized because they are more relevant for investing decisions, or whether requiring recognition itself prompts differing behavior on the part of firms and investors. Using the setting of subsequent events, I identify the differential effect of requiring disclosure versus recognition in a setting where the accounting treatment of an item is exogenously determined. For comparable events, I find a stronger initial market response for firms required to recognize relative to firms that must disclose, although the large magnitude of the identified effect calls into question whether this difference can be attributed to accounting treatments alone. In examining various reasons for the stronger market response to recognized values, I fail to find support for the hypothesis that this difference is due to differential reliability of disclosed and recognized values. I do find some evidence that investors underreact to disclosed events, consistent with investors incurring higher processing costs when using disclosed information.     

Investors’ Fear and Herding Behavior: Evidence from the Taiwan Stock Market

This article analyzes the influence of investors’ fear on their investment behavior in the Taiwan stock market. This study used the volatility index (VIX) as a barometer of investors’ fear. Our results show that herding behavior increases with the VIX; that is, herding behavior is encouraged by an increase in investors’ fear. Moreover, our results demonstrate that investors react more quickly to bad news than to good news when their fear increases, supporting the hypothesis of the presence of an asymmetric reaction to news. However, investors react more quickly to good news when their fear decreases, indicating an inverse asymmetric reaction. In addition, our empirical results reveal that herding behavior tends to exist on days with a large trading volume.     

Local intentions to participate in ecotourism development in Taiwan’s Atayal communities

By applying the theoretical concepts of planned behaviors and social exchange, this study aims to examine the decisive factors that influence the behavioral intentions of local residents in three Atayal communities in Yilan County, Taiwan, to participate in the community development of ecotourism. This study uses AMOS software to perform structural equation modeling. The results of the study indicate that (1) residents’ attitudes toward community-based ecotourism development, perceived behavioral control, and perceived social benefits have significant correlations with their behavioral intentions and that (2) respondents involved in community-related organizations have more positive behavioral intentions. Due to their location in remote areas to which tourists rarely venture, these three Atayal communities lack the incentives to attract tourists or to trigger the participation of the broader community in ecotourism development with the promise of sharing tourism revenue. Most Atayal residents in the research area clearly lack the ‘rights to develop’ and the ‘means to get involved’. From the perspective of power relations, this study could contribute insight into the theoretical and empirical implications of hierarchical influences to examine the political–economic inferiority of indigenous behavioral intentions toward community-based ecotourism development.     

家庭购买行为研究

研究家庭购买行为,对企业有效开展市场营销活动,满足家庭消费需要具有重要意义。企业应根据不同的家庭类型、家庭生命周期的不同阶段等采取相应的市场营销策略。     

基于One-Class SVM的青鳉鱼异常行为识别方法

为了更准确地解析青鳉鱼在突发污染环境中的行为变化趋势,提出了一种基于One-Class SVM模型的青鳉鱼异常行为识别方法。以青鳉鱼的生理及行为特征作为观测指标,将采集到的暴露在不同类型和浓度特征污染物下的青鳉鱼行为强度信号作为经验数据,利用直方图统计和主成分分析（PCA）对行为强度数据进行降维,实现行为特征提取,基于One-Class SVM构建模型,并以五水合硫酸铜和三氯酚作为特征污染物进行暴露实验对算法进行验证。结果表明,One-Class SVM模型可以准确地识别正常行为和污染物暴露时发生的异常行为;对于有机污染物最快可在10 min内完成预警,重金属污染物可在1 h内完成预警,并且污染物浓度越高,模型的识别效果越好。识别方法可对水源突发性水质污染进行更有效的监测和预警,也可为水污染应急决策提供技术支撑。     

国家公园划定荒野保护区的意义与方法

世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)把荒野保护地列入保护 级别最高的一类保护地,荒野体验是游憩体验最高级别的体验 形式。世界各国荒野保护地实际存在形式大致分独立型和合 并型2类。划定荒野保护区是荒野价值研究成果的重要应用实 践,这是中国国家公园体制建设向深层次发展的重要方向。核 心保护区与荒野保护区对应IUCN保护地分类体系中的Ia、Ib 保护地,这样既可以同国际接轨,又解决了国内国家公园生态 保护管控与人类活动的矛盾问题。国家公园突出荒野保护理念 既建立了国家公园与社会的情感联系,强化了国家公园的社会 文化认同,又彰显了国家公园人与自然和谐共生的绿色发展理 念。栖息地适宜性评价与行为分析法是划定荒野保护区的重要 方法,通过栖息地适宜性评价建立国家公园生态环境谱系,在 生态环境谱系基础上通过行为交互作用分析建立游憩机会谱系 与社区村落谱系。荒野保护区整合了三大谱系,建构了以荒野 保护区为主体的管理分区体系,把各个功能区有机组织起来, 形成结构有序、自然共生的人地耦合复杂生态系统。     

环境质量变化对游客福利的影响——基于旅行费用和条件行为联合数据

环境质量是影响游客旅游需求及福利的重要因素,但单一使用陈述性偏好法或揭示性偏好法仍存在诸多局限性。为探究环境质量改变对游客需求及福利变化的具体影响,结合旅行费用与条件行为数据,在明确现有环境质量状况下景区价值基础上,评估环境质量改善与恶化两种情景下,游客消费者剩余的变化。结果表明,环境质量改变直接影响旅行次数,从而增加或减少消费者剩余,但不会通过影响游客旅行费用间接改变消费者剩余,实际行为与条件行为数据偏好存在一致性;白洋淀景区当前消费者剩余为909.09元/次;环境质量改善使游客平均旅行次数增加1.45次/年,并使每位游客每年的消费者剩余增加1 318.18元;环境质量恶化使游客平均旅行次数降低1.41次/年,并使每位游客每年的消费者剩余减少1 281.81元。